Pormal nang kinumpirma ng Pre-Trial Chamber 1 ng International Criminal Court (ICC) ang tatlong bilang ng kasong crimes against humanity laban kay dating Presidente Rodrigo Duterte.
Base ito sa 50-page decision ng ICC na inilabas ngayong Huwebes, April 23, 2026.
Sabi rito, may sapat na basehan para kasuhan ang dating Pangulo ng Pilipinas.
Nakasaad sa isang bahagi ng pre-trial document ng ICC (published as is): "The Prosecution submits that a widespread and systematic attack against the civilian population in the Philippines was carried out ‘[f]rom at least 1 November 2011 to 16 March 2019’ (the ‘Relevant Period’), during the period that Mr Duterte was Mayor or Vice Mayor of Davao City (the ‘Mayoral Period’), and during the period that Mr Duterte was the President of the Philippines (the ‘Presidential Period’).
"During the Mayoral Period, the attack was allegedly carried out by the Davao City police and paid non-police hitmen, who together comprised the Davao Death Squad (the ‘DDS’), and, during the Presidential Period, by the ‘National Network’, which comprised 'law enforcement personnel with non-police assets and hitmen under their direction and/or control.'"
"The Prosecution further alleges that: (i) the attack was carried out pursuant to a State or organisational ‘policy to “neutralise” through violent crimes, including murder, alleged criminals in the Philippines who were perceived or alleged to be involved in drug-related (including production, sale and use) and other crimes (such as theft and murder)’; 112 and (ii) the conduct of Mr Duterte and/or the perpetrators from the DDS and the National Network was ‘committed as part of this widespread and systematic attack against a civilian population’, and they knew and intended that their conduct was part of the attack."
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COUNT 1 of crimes against humanity
Ang unang bilang ay para sa "indirect co-perpetration, ordering and/or inducing, and aiding and abetting" ng mga pagpaslang umano ng "DDS" o "Davao Death Squad" sa 19 biktima mula 2013-June 2016, o noong panahong nanilbihang alkalde si Duterte sa Davao City.
Bilang mayor noon, sinasabing si Duterte ay mayroong "formal operational supervision and control over Davao City police" bukod sa pagiging "Head of the DDS."
May siyam na insidenteng nagpapatunay raw nito, pero redacted ito sa ICC document bilang proteksiyon sa mga testigo sa kaso.
Read: Butch Jimenez stands by ABS-CBN amid Lopezes' dispute
COUNT 2 of crimes against humanity
Ang ikalawang bilang ay para sa "indirect co-perpetration, ordering and/or inducing, and aiding and abetting" ng mga pagpaslang umano ng mga kapulisan sa 14 katao, na tinaguriang "High-Value Targets."
May ilan daw sa mga biktima ay nakalista sa ilalim ng "PRRD List" na tinukoy sa ICC document bilang "initials of President Rodrigo Roa Duterte."
Sabi pa rin sa ICC document, may certain personnel mula sa Philippine National Police (PNP) at Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) ang natukoy na "perpetrators" sa ilan sa limang insidente ng pagpaslang sa mga target.
Diumano, may cash reward na nagkakahalaga ng "P50K to P1M" sa mga pulis na makakapaslang sa kung sino mang target ang nasa listahan.
Ang pagiging "high value" ng target ay naka-categorize sa "Levels 1-5."
Sinasabing sangkot umano ang targets sa mga sindikato ng droga noong panahong nakaupong Pangulo si Duterte.
Dagdag pa rito: "On various occasions, DUTERTE publicly named individuals or held up a chart (including the PRRD List) identifying individuals who he claimed were involved in the illegal drug trade or other forms of criminality."
Read: ABS-CBN denounces "PR attacks" vs network amid family dispute
COUNT 3 of crimes against humanity
Ang ikatlong bilang ay para sa "indirect co-perpetration, ordering and/or inducing, and aiding and abetting" ng murders and attempted murders ng may 45 katao.
Nangyari raw ito sa "barangay clearance operations" noong July 2016-September 2018 habang nakaupong Pangulo si Duterte.
"The victims were alleged to be ‘lower-level’ criminals," saad sa ICC document.
Kapulisan ang sinasabing "perpetrators" ng mga ito.
"The physical perpetrators of the crimes in Count 3 meant to cause the victims’ deaths or were aware that their deaths would occur in the ordinary course of events."
ICC ON WHY RODRIGO DUTERTE IS BEING HELD ACCOUNTABLE
Idiniin ng ICC na accountable umano si Duterte sa mga krimeng ito dahil ginawa umano nitong "state policy" ang pag-"neutralise" sa mga taong masasangkot sa drug war at ibang krimen.
May ebidensiya rin daw na magpapatunay na "systematic" at may pattern ang pag-atake sa mga target.
Diumano, si Duterte o kanyang "co-perpetrators" ang tumutukoy sa mga biktima bilang "alleged drug users, pushers, or other criminals"; ibinibigay ang lokasyon ng target sa mga "direct perpetrators"; pagsubok o tuluyang pagpaslang sa target, at pagbigay ng "reward money" sa direct perpetrators pagkatapos ng operasyon.
Sabi pa sa desisyon ng ICC: "The word ‘neutralise’ was used and understood by those involved in the operations to mean to ‘kill’.
"The evidence shows that this policy was developed by Mr Duterte in Davao City and implemented as an organisational policy of the DDS during the Mayoral Period and that it was subsequently expanded to the Philippines to become a State policy in the Presidential Period.
"The widespread and systematic attack was carried out pursuant to the policy which was developed, disseminated and implemented by Mr. Duterte and his close associates."
Ang pre-trial ICC document ay pirmado ni presiding judge Iulia Antoanella Motoc, judge Reine Adélaïde Sophie Alapini Gansou, at Judge María del Socorro Flores Liera.
STATEMENT OF EX-PRESIDENT RODRIGO DUTERTE'S LEGAL COUNSEL
Inalmahan naman ng defense counsel na si Nicholas Kaufman ang alegasyong ginawang "state policy" ni dating Pangulong Rodrigo ang pagpaslang sa mga indibidwal na nasangkot sa drug war.
Ayon kay Kaufman, "At trial, the defense will prove that the aforementioned 'state policy' is a complete fiction.
"The defense will also show that the evidence of the very same criminal witnesses, so gleefully peddled by the former President’s many detractors, has zero weight."
Base ito sa ulat na nailathala sa online news sites matapos kumpirmahin ng ICC ang mga kaso laban kay dating Pangulong Duterte.